Of the many letters sent by the Prophet peace be and blessings upon him, those written to Heraclius (the Byzantine Emperor), Chosroes II
(the Emperor of Iran), Negus (the king of Abyssinia) and Muqauqis (the ruler of Egypt) are the most important.
The Prophet peace be and blessings upon him wrote in this letter to Heraclius:
I begin with the name of Allah, the beneficient, the Merciful.
This letter is from Muhammed, the slave and Messenger of God, to Heraclius, the great King of Rome. Blessed are those who follow the guidance. Verily I call you to Islam.
Embrace Islam that you may find peace, and God will give you a double reward. If you reject then on you shall rest the sin of your subjects and followers.
O people of the Book come to that, which is common between you and us; that we will serve none but Allah, nor associate aught with him, nor take others for lords besides God. But if you turn away, then say: bear witness that we are Muslims.
The letter sent to the Chosroes II read:
I begin with the name of Allah, the beneficient, the Merciful.
From Muhammed, the Messenger of God, to Kisra, the great King of Persia. Peace be upon him who follows the guidance, believes in Allah and His Prophet, bears witness that there is no God but Allah and that I am the Prophet of Allah for the entire humanity so that every man alive is warned of the awe of God. Embrace Islam that you may find peace; otherwise on you shall rest the sin of the Magis.
(Al‐Tabari, Vol. III, p. 90)
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