It was narrated that ‘Aa’ishah, may Allaah be pleased with her, said: "Sa‘d, may Allaah be pleased with him, was wounded on the day of Khandaq (i.e. Trench) when a man from Quraysh, called Hibbaan bin Al-‘Araqah who shot an arrow at Sa‘d's medial arm vein (or main artery of the arm). The Prophet, peace and blessing be upon him, pitched a tent (for Sa‘d) in the Mosque so that he might be near to the Prophet, peace and blessing be upon him, to visit. When the Prophet, peace and blessing be upon him, returned from the (battle) of Al-Khandaq (i.e. Trench) and laid down his arms and took a bath Jibreel (i.e. Gabriel), may Allaah exalt his mention, came to him while he (i.e. Gabriel) was shaking the dust off his head, and said, "You have laid down the arms?" By Allaah, I have not laid them down. Go out to them (to attack them)." The Prophet, peace and blessing be upon him, said, "Where?" Jibreel pointed towards Bani Quraizah. So the Messenger of Allaah, peace and blessing be upon him, went to them (i.e. Banu Quraizah) (i.e. besieged them). They then surrendered to the Prophet's judgment but he directed them to Sa‘d to give his verdict concerning them. Sa‘d said, "I give my judgment that their warriors should be killed, their women and children should be taken as captives, and their properties distributed."

It was narrated that Hishaam, may Allaah be pleased with him, said: "My father informed me that ‘Aa’ishah, may Allaah be pleased with her, said, "Sa‘d said, "O Allaah! You know that there is nothing more beloved to me than to fight in Your Cause against those who disbelieved Your Messenge, peace and blessing be upon him, and turned him out (of Makkah). O Allaah! I think you have put to an end the fight between us and them (i.e. Quraish infidels). And if there still remains any fight with the Quraish (infidels), then keep me alive till I fight against them for Your Sake. But if you have brought the war to an end, then let this wound burst and cause my death thereby.' So blood gushed from the wound. There was a tent in the Mosque belonging to Banu Ghifaar who were surprised by the blood flowing towards them . They said, 'O people of the tent! What is this thing which is coming to us from your side?' Behold! Blood was flowing profusely out of Sa‘d's wound. Sa‘d then died because of that." (1).

Amongst the lessons drawn from the above-mentioned Hadeeth:

1- The virtue of Sa‘d ibn Mu‘aath, may Allaah be pleased with him, and love and preferring of the Prophet, peace and blessing be upon him, to him. He was the chief of the tribe of Aws. He was amongst the best believers, may Allaah be pleased with him. All of his tribe belongs to Bani ‘Abdel Ashal was encouraged to enter Islam because he became Muslim.

2- It is permissible to visit the sick person, repeat visiting him if he likes that and there is no any difficulty caused to him nor his family.  

3- The sick can stay in the mosque if there is a need or an interest for that.

4- If the ruler or scholar finds difficulty in visiting a sick person whom he regards highly, then it is permissible for him to carry him (i.e. that sick person) to a place which makes visiting him easy and brings him closer to him.

5- Both parties have to accept the judgment of the arbitrator whether it is related to the matters of war or any other thing.

6- Ibn Battaal, may Allaah have mercy upon him, said: "This Hadeeth implies the command of the caliph of honoring the elder Muslim individuals and the prescription of honoring the people of virtue in the meeting of the caliph.

7- The permissibility of giving the title of Sayed (i.e. master) for the one who does good deeds and is very generous; however, it is disliked to say that for the one who is Faajr (i.e.  the immoral person).

8- It is permissible to stand up for the one who comes in to welcome him, especially if they are of those who are righteous, or those who have a need such as weakness or sickness or coming from a journey. Scholars said: "Standing is divided into three degrees: standing on the head of the man and it is the act of the tyrants, standing for one who comes in and this is something allowed and standing at seeing someone and there are different opinions regarding its permissibility."

9- It is permissible to hope for martyrdom. It is an exception from the general prohibiting of hoping for death.

10-        It is permissible for the best to let the one who is lower than him to judge matters.

11-        The maliciousness of the Jews, breaking covenants and agreements, seeking to cause harm to the believers and defeating them.

12-        Stiffness and harshness in their proper situations are praised and in conformity with the Will of Allaah The Almighty. Therefore, judgment of Sa‘d in Mu‘aath, may Allaah be pleased with him, was in conformity with the Ruling of Allaah The Almighty.

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Reported by Al-Bukhaari No. (3896) and Muslim  No. (1769).

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